Skip to content Skip to search Skip to footer
Washington University in St. Louis

Brown School

Center for Social Development

Menu
  • About
  • Areas Of Work
    • Our Projects
  • Experts
    • Core Faculty & Staff
    • Faculty Directors
    • Faculty Associates
    • CSD Research Associates & Assistants
  • Publications
  • Partnerships
    • Grand Challenges for Social Work
    • Sister Centers for Social Development
    • Next Age Institute​: Partnership in Social Innovation
    • Washington University Partnerships
    • Funding Partners
  • Newsroom
    • CSD News
    • Media
    • Newsletter
  • Events
  • Contact
    • Join Our Mailing List
Briefs & Summaries Community and National Service Democracy and Civic Engagement Voter Access and Engagement

Incomplete Democracy: The Relationship of Race, Income, and Education to Voter Participation

By CSD • October 30, 2018April 13, 2022

Does the growing number of registered voters represent the diverse population of the United States, particularly the population’s racial, economic, and educational diversity? This research brief examines the characteristics of voters and whether their demographics are associated with voter participation rates in the City of St. Louis, Missouri, and in St. Louis County. It presents findings from zip code–level analyses of voting and registration data. The authors propose a two-pronged strategy for strengthening electoral participation and offer specific policy recommendations.

Project: Voter Access & Engagement

Citation

McClendon, G. G., Pitzer, K. A., & Tolani, A. T. (2018, October). Incomplete democracy: The relationship of race, income, and education to voter participation (CSD Research Brief No. 18-41). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

View Publication
2018Austin TolaniDemocracy and Civic EngagementGena Gunn McClendonKyle PitzerVoter Access and Engagement

Center for Social Development

Washington University in St. Louis

MSC 1196-251-46

One Brookings Drive

St. Louis, MO 63130

314-935-7433

csd@wustl.edu

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Flickr

Media Contact

Lissa Johnson
CSD Associate Director
ejohnson@wustl.edu

Join our Mailing List

Center for Social Development

©2023 Washington University in St. Louis