Financial Inclusion

Busette, C. (2015, April). How do norms inform our approach to financial empowerment? (CSD Perspective No. 15-28). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Birkenmaier, J., Sherraden, M. S., & Curley, J. (2013). Financial capability and asset development: Research, education, policy, and practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Zou, L., Tlapek, S. M., Njenga, G., Appiah, E., Opai-Tetteh, D., & Sherraden, M. S. (2015). Facilitators and obstacles in youth saving: Perspectives from Ghana and Kenya. Global Social Welfare, 2(3), 65–74. doi:10.1007/s40609-015-0028-y

Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2015, March 12). Statement given in Bridging the Gap: How Prepared Are Americans for Retirement? Hearing before the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging (CSD Perspective No. 15-25). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Key, C., Tucker, J. N., Grinstein-Weiss, M., & Comer, K. (2015). Tax-time savings among low-income households in the $aveNYC Program. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 49(3), 498–518. doi:10.1111/joca.12070

Beverly, S. G., Kim, Y., Sherraden, M., Nam, Y., & Clancy, M. (2015). Can Child Development Accounts be inclusive? Early evidence from a statewide experiment. Children and Youth Services Review, 53, 92–104. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.03.003

Grinstein-Weiss, M., & Sherraden, M. S. (Eds.). (2015). Starting early for financial success: Capability into action [Special issue]. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 49(1).

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Comer, K., Russell, B. D., Key, C., Perantie, D., & Ariely, D. (2015). Refund to Savings: Creating contingency savings at tax time. In J. M. Collins (Ed.), A fragile balance: Emergency savings and liquid resources for low-income consumers (pp. 87–106). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Oliphant, J., Russell, B. D., & Boshara, R. (2015, March). Does unsecured debt decrease savings? Evidence from the Refund to Savings Initiative (CSD Research Brief No. 15-16). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Kim, Y., Sherraden, M., Huang, J., & Clancy, M. (2015). Child Development Accounts and parental educational expectations for young children: Early evidence from a statewide social experiment. Social Service Review, 89(1), 99–137. doi:10.1086/680014

Johnson, L., Lee, Y., Ansong, D., Sherraden, M. S., Chowa, G. N., Ssewamala, F., … Saavedra, J. (2015). Youth savings patterns and performance in Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, and Nepal: Executive summary (CSD Research Summary). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K7Q81CNZ

Sherraden, M. S., & Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2015). Creating financial capability in the next generation: An introduction to the special issue. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 49(1), 1–12. doi:10.1111/joca.12067

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Key, C., & Carrillo, S. (2015). Homeownership, the Great Recession, and wealth: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances. Housing Policy Debate, 25(3), 419–445. doi:10.1080/10511482.2014.971042

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Perantie, D. C., Russell, B. D., Comer, K., Taylor, S. H., Luo, L., Key, C., & Ariely, D. (2015). Refund to Savings 2013: Comprehensive report on a large-scale tax-time saving program (CSD Research Report No. 15-06). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Nam, Y., Huang, J., Heflin, C. M., & Sherraden, M. (2015). Racial and ethnic disparities in food insufficiency: Evidence from a statewide probability sample. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 6(2), 201–228. doi:10.1086/681574

Southern Regional Asset Building Coalition. (2015). Closing the racial wealth gap: Innovative solutions for change (2014 Southern Regional Asset Building Coalition Conference Report). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Clancy, M. M., Sherraden, M., & Beverly, S. G. (2015, January). College savings plans: A platform for inclusive and progressive Child Development Accounts (CSD Policy Brief No. 15-07). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Beverly, S. G., Clancy, M. M., & Sherraden, M. (2016, June). The early positive impacts of Child Development Accounts (CSD Research Brief No. 15-08). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Johnson, L., Lee, Y., Ansong, D., Sherraden, M. S., Chowa, A. N., Ssewamala, F., … Saavedra, J. (2015). Youth savings patterns and performance in Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, and Nepal (YouthSave Research Report No. 15-01). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Morrow-Howell, N., & Sherraden, M. S. (Eds.). (2014). Financial capability and asset holding in later life: A life course perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Guo, S., Reinertson, V., & Russell, B. (2015). Financial education and savings outcomes for low-income IDA participants: Does age make a difference? Journal of Consumer Affairs, 49(1), 156–185. doi:10.1111/joca.12061

Huang, J., Nam, Y., Sherraden, M., & Clancy, M. (2015). Financial capability and asset accumulation for children’s education: Evidence from an experiment of Child Development Accounts. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 49(1),127–155. doi:10.1111/joca.12054

Wikoff, N., Huang, J., Kim, Y., & Sherraden, M. (2015). Material hardship and 529 college savings plan participation: The mitigating effects of Child Development Accounts. Social Science Research, 50, 189–202. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.11.017

Sherraden, M., Zou, L., Ku, H., Deng, S., & Wang, S. (Eds.). (2014). Asset-building policies and innovations in Asia. Abingdon, England: Routledge.

Chowa, G. A. N., Ansong, D., Masa, R., Wu, S., Ramos, Y., & Kimathi, M. B. (2014). Baseline survey of the third cohort: A supplemental report from the YouthSave Ghana Experiment (YouthSave Research Report No. 14-26). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Nam, Y., Wikoff, N., & Sherraden, M. (2014). Economic intervention and parenting: A randomized experiment of statewide Child Development Accounts (CSD Working Paper No. 14-25). St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis, Center for Social Development.

Clancy, M., Beverly, S. G., & Sherraden, M. (2014, September). The early good news about Child Development Accounts (CSD Research Brief No. 14-24). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Nam, Y., Hole, E., Sherraden, M., & Clancy, M. (2014). Program knowledge and savings outcomes in a Child Development Account experiment (CSD Working Paper No. 14-22). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Sherraden, M. (2014, February). Innovations in asset building (CSD Perspective No. 14-18). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Kim, Y., Huang, J., & Sherraden, M. (2014). What shapes assessment of ability to pay for children’s college education? Journal of Consumer Affairs, 48(3), 486–514. doi:10.1111/joca.12049

Despard, M. R., & Chowa, G. (2014). Testing a measurement model of financial capability among youth in Ghana. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 48(2), 301–322. doi: 10.1111/joca.12031

Huang, J., Kim, Y., Sherraden, M., & Clancy, M. (2014). Heterogeneous effects of Child Development Accounts on savings for children’s education (CSD Working Paper No. 14-15). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Zhan, M., & Xiang, X. (2014). Education loans and wealth building among young adults (CSD Working Paper No. 14-14). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Russell, B., Tucker, B., Comer, K. (2014, June). Lack of emergency savings puts American households at risk: Evidence from the Refund to Savings Initiative (CSD Policy Brief No. 14-13). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Beverly, S. G., Clancy, M., & Sherraden, M. (2014, April). Testing universal college savings accounts at birth: Early research from SEED for Oklahoma Kids (CSD Research Summary No. 14-08). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Huang, J., Sherraden, M., & Purnell, J. (2014). Impacts of Child Development Accounts on maternal depressive symptoms: Evidence from a randomized statewide policy experiment. Social Science & Medicine, 112, 30–38. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.023

Clancy, M., & Sherraden, M. (2014). Automatic deposits for all at birth: Maine’s Harold Alfond College Challenge (CSD Policy Report No. 14-05). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Center for Social Development. (2014). Building a lifetime of economic security: Mobilizing for change (2013 Southern Regional Asset Building Coalition Conference Report). St. Louis: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Comer, K., Russell, B., Key, C., Perantie, D. C., & Ariely, D. (2014, February). Refund to Savings: 2013 results from a national experiment to build financial stability at tax time (CSD Research Brief No. 14-04). St. Louis: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Comer, K., Russell, B., Key, C., Perantie, D. C., & Ariely, D. (2014). Refund to Savings: 2013 evidence of tax-time saving in a national randomized control trial (CSD Research Report No. 14-03). St. Louis: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., & Despard, M. R. (2013). The influence of parental financial socialization on youth’s financial behavior: Evidence from Ghana. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 35(3), 376–389. doi:10.1007/s10834-013-9377-9

Johnson, K. (2014). Rediscovering social investment in developmental welfare state policies (DWSP): Back to the future (CSD Working Paper No. 14-02). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Huang, J., Sherraden, M., Kim, Y., & Clancy, M. (2014). Effects of Child Development Accounts on early social-emotional development: An experimental test. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(3), 265–271. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4643

Elliott, W., III, Grinstein-Weiss, M., & Nam, I. (2013). Does outstanding student debt reduce asset accumulation? (CSD Working Paper No. 13-32). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., & Masa, R. D. (2013). Asset ownership and academic achievement among youth in Ghana: Examining associations based on asset type and academic subject (CSD Working Paper No. 13-25). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Zhan, M., & Xiang, X. (2013). An event history analysis of educational loans and college graduation: A focus on differences by race and ethnicity (CSD Working Paper No. 13-35). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III, Grinstein-Weiss, M., & Nam, I. (2013). Student debt and declining retirement savings (CSD Working Paper No. 13-34). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III, Grinstein-Weiss, M., & Nam, I. (2013). Is student debt compromising homeownership as a wealth-building tool? (CSD Working Paper No. 13-33). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Beverly, S. G., Elliott, W., III, & Sherraden, M. (2013, November). Child Development Accounts and college success: Accounts, assets, expectations, and achievements (CSD Perspective No. 13-27). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K7805247

Elliott, W., III. (2013, October). Can a college-saver identity help resolve the college expectation-attainment paradox? (CSD Fact Sheet No. 13-30). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III. (2013, October). Reimagining how students and families pay for college: From debt dependency to asset empowerment (CSD Fact Sheet No. 13-29). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Zhan, M., & Lanesskog, D. (2013). The impact of family assets and debt on college graduation (CSD Working Paper No. 13-36). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Johnson, L., Lee, Y. S., Sherraden, M., Chowa, G. A. N., Ansong, D., Ssewamala, F., … Saavedra, J. (2013, October). Youth savings patterns and performance in Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, and Nepal (YouthSave Research Brief No. 13-26). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Zhan, M., & Lanessko, D. (2013, October). The impact of family assets and debt on college graduation (CSD Fact Sheet No. 13-37). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Mason, L. R., Nam, Y., Clancy, M., & Sherraden, M. (2013). SEED for Oklahoma Kids: Experimental test of a policy innovation in a full population (CSD Working Paper No. 13-24). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Greenberg, D. (2012). A cost-benefit analysis of Tulsa’s IDA program: Findings from a long-term follow-up of a random assignment social experiment (CSD Working Paper No. 12-58). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Ansong, D., & Chowa, G. A. N. (2013, September). Visual demonstration of academic performance and parental involvement in Ghana (YouthSave Research Brief No. 13-17). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., & Masa, R. D. (2013). The impact of asset ownership on future orientation of youth and their parents: Evidence from the YouthSave Ghana Experiment (CSD Working Paper No. 13-19). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. 

Johnson, L., Lee, Y. S., Sherraden, M., Chowa, G. A. N., Ansong, D., Ssewamala, F., … Saavedra, J. (2013). Savings patterns and performance in Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, and Nepal (YouthSave Research Report No. 13-18). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Masa, R. D., Ramos, Y., & Ansong, D. (2013). How do student and school characteristics influence youth academic performance in Ghana? A hierarchical linear modeling of baseline data from the YouthSave Ghana Experiment (CSD Working Paper No. 13-16). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Masa, R. D., & Tucker, J. (2013). Parental involvement’s effects on academic performance: Evidence from the YouthSave Ghana Experiment (CSD Working Paper No. 13-15). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Sherraden, M., Zou, L., Deng, S., Ku, H. B., & Wang, S. (Eds.). (2013). Lifelong asset building [Special issue]. China Journal of Social Work, 6(2).

Sherraden, M., Zou, L., Deng, S., Ku, H. B., & Wang, S. (2013). Introduction to the special issue on lifelong asset building. China Journal of Social Work, 6(2), 101–103. doi:10.1080/17525098.2013.797363

Zou, L., Cheng, L.-C., Lee, E., Teyra, C., Chen, C., & Song, S, S, (2013). A comparative study on asset-building policy diffusion in Korea and Taiwan. China Journal of Social Work, 6(2), 149–162. doi:10.1080/17525098.2013.797364

Huang, J. (2013). Asset poverty and happiness in urban China. China Journal of Social Work, 6(2), 163–176. doi:10.1080/17525098.2013.797361

Guo, B., Guo, X., & Zou, L. (2013). The Hutubi Model: What have we learned? China Journal of Social Work, 6(2), 118–126. doi:10.1080/17525098.2013.797362

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Tucker, J., Key, C., Holub, K., & Ariely, D. (2013, May). Account use and demand for tax-refund saving vehicles: Evidence from the Refund to Savings experiment (CSD Research Brief 13-13). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Key, C., Grinstein-Weiss, M., Tucker, J., Holub, K., & Ariely, D. (2013, May). Saving behavior in response to motivational prompts: Evidence from the Refund to Savings experiment (CSD Research Brief No. 13-12). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Holub, K., Grinstein-Weiss, M., Key, C., & Ariely, D. (2013). Refund to Savings (R2S): Insight from the field, 2012 (CSD Research Report No. 13-11). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Zhan, M. (2013, May). Education debt and racial disparity in college success (CSD Fact Sheet No. 13-10). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Rothwell, D., Bhaiji, R., & Blumenthal, A. (2013). Perceived impact of Individual Development Account participation among Native Hawaiians (CSD Working Paper No. 13-01). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Child and Youth Finance International. (2013). Children and youth as economic citizens: Review of research on financial capability, financial inclusion, and financial education (Research Working Group Report). Amsterdam: Author.

Sherraden, M. S., & Ansong, D. (2013). Conceptual development of the CYFI Model of Children and Youth as Economic Citizens (CSD Research Report No. 13-03). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III, Song, H-a., & Nam, I. (2013, March). Relationships between college savings and enrollment, graduation, and student loan debt (CSD Research Brief No. 13-09). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Sherraden, M. S., & Ansong, D. (2013). Research evidence on the CYFI Model of Children and Youth as Economic Citizens (CSD Research Report No. 13-04). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III, & Sherraden, M. (2013). Assets and educational achievement: Theory and evidence [Introduction to the special issue]. Economics of Education Review, 33, 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.01.004

Elliott, W., III, & Sherraden, M. (Eds.). (2013). Assets and educational attainment: Theory and evidence [Special issue]. Economics of Education Review, 33.

Zhan, M. (2013). Youth debt and college graduation: Differences by race/ethnicity (CSD Working Paper No. 13-08). St. Louis, MO: Washington University in St. Louis, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III, Song, H-a., & Nam, I. (2013). Small-dollar children’s savings accounts, income, and college outcomes (CSD Working Paper No. 13-06). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K73N22XD

Elliott, W., III. (2013). Small-dollar children’s savings accounts and college outcomes (CSD Working Paper No. 13-05). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III, & Nam, I. (2013). Reducing student loan debt through parents’ college savings (CSD Working Paper No. 13-07). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Ansong, D., & Osei-Akoto, I. (2012, December). Parental involvement and academic performance in Ghana (YouthSave Research Brief No. 12-42). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Masa, R., & Osei-Akoto, I. (2012, December). Youth and their health in Ghana (YouthSave Research Brief No. 12-41). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Ansong, D., Masa, R., Despard, M. R., Osei-Akoto, I., Richmond, A.-A., Agyei-Holmes, A., & Sherraden, M. (2012). Youth and saving in Ghana: A baseline report from the YouthSave Ghana Experiment (CSD Research Report No. 12-56). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III, Beverly, S. G., Black, R., & Shapiro, T. M. (2012). Linking savings and educational outcomes: Charting a course for scholarship and policy [Assets and Education Research Symposium Report]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Gray, K., Clancy, M., Sherraden, M. S., Wagner, K., & Miller-Cribbs, J. E. (2012). Interviews with mothers of young children in the SEED for Oklahoma Kids college savings experiment (CSD Research Report No. 12-53). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K779445X

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Sherraden, M., Gale, W., Rohe, W. M., Schreiner, M., & Key, C. (2012). Effects of an Individual Development Account program on retirement saving: Follow-up evidence from a randomized experiment (CSD Working Paper No. 12-54). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Nam, Y., Huang, J., Heflin, C., & Sherraden, M. (2012). Racial and ethnic disparities in food insufficiency: Evidence from a statewide probability sample of White, African American, American Indian, and Hispanic infants (CSD Working Paper No. 12-45). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Loke, V., Libby, M., & Choi, L. (2012, October). MY Path: An innovative initiative to increase financial capability among economically vulnerable youth (MY Path Research Brief). San Francisco: Mission SF Community Financial Center.

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Sherraden, M., Rohe, W. M., Gale, W., Schreiner, M., & Key, C. (2012). Long-term follow-up of Individual Development Accounts: Evidence from the ADD experiment (CSD Report 12-43). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Huang, J., Beverly, S. G., Clancy, M., Lassar, T., & Sherraden, M. (2011). Early program enrollment in a statewide Child Development Account program (CSD Working Paper No. 11-23). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Johnson, L., Lee, Y., Osei-Akoto, I., Njenga, M., & Sharma, S. (2012, July). Product pilot report: Youth savings performance in Ghana, Kenya, and Nepal (YouthSave Research Brief No. 12-38). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Mason, L. R., Nam, Y., & Kim, Y. (2012). Validity of infant race/ethnicity from birth certificates in the context of U.S. demographic change (CSD Working Paper No. 12-40). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Deng, S., Huang, J., Jin, M., & Sherraden, M. (2012). Household assets, school enrollment and parental aspirations for children’s education in rural China: Does gender matter? (CSD Working Paper No. 12-39). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Boshara, R. (2012, June). From asset building to balance sheets: A reflection on the first and next 20 years of federal assets policy (CSD Perspective No. 12-24). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Despard, M. R., & Osei-Akoto, I. (2012, July). Financial knowledge and attitudes of youth in Ghana (YouthSave Research Brief No. 12-37). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Despard, M. R., & Osei-Akoto, I. (2012, July). Youth saving patterns and performance in Ghana (YouthSave Research Brief No. 12-36). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Masa, R., & Osei-Akoto, I. (2012, July). Youth in the Ghana Experiment: Characteristics and living conditions (YouthSave Research Brief No. 12-35). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Beverly, S. G., Kim, Y., Sherraden, M., Nam, Y., & Clancy, M. (2012, July). Socioeconomic status and early savings outcomes: Evidence from a statewide Child Development Account experiment (CSD Research Brief No. 12-34). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Loke, V. (2012). Parental asset accumulation trajectories and children’s college outcomes (CSD Working Paper No. 12-33). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.