Reports

Sprick, E. (with Despard, M., & Roll, S.). (2025). Moving forward from SECURE 2.0: Building on the law’s most effective provisions, closing the access gap, and reforming social security. Bipartisan Policy Center. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Moving-Forward-from-SECURE-2.0-BPC-CSD-Report.pdf

Hamilton, L., Roll, S., & Zhang, G. (2025). PCCI Direct Cash Transfer Project: Final Report. Appalachian State University, Family Economic Policy Lab. https://fepl.appstate.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/PCCI-Cohort-2-Final-Report.pdf

Naami, A., Dako-Gyeke, M., Mills, A. A., & Ampomah, A. (2024, March). Report on a seminar on financial capability and asset building organised for social work practitioners (CSD Research Report No. 24-02). Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/n61e-dm86

Abstract Aspen FSP research on the Future of Wealth has shown that to succeed in the United States economy, people need to enter adulthood–a life stage when many critical investments are made – with a substantial amount of money to invest in themselves and their future. The importance of what we’re calling “investable sums” in young adulthood […]

Joe, S., Clifton, M., & Carlton-Brown, D. (2023, May). HomeGrown StL 5th Annual Regional Summit on the State of Opportunity for Black Boys and Young Men: Organizing for solutions that unleash the elite potential of young Black males (CSD Conference Report No. 23-17). Washington University, Center for Social Development, Race & Opportunity Lab, HomeGrown StL. https://doi.org/10.7936/64jx-0x32

Summary The 2021 expanded Child Tax Credit (CTC) provided temporary enhancements to the existing CTC for the tax years 2021 and 2022. Under the expanded credit, families with children under the age of 18 were eligible to receive a credit of up to $3,000 per child ($3,600 for children under the age of 6). In […]

Summary The 2021 expanded Child Tax Credit (CTC) provided temporary enhancements to the existing CTC for the tax years 2021 and 2022. Under the expanded credit, families with children under the age of 18 were eligible to receive a credit of up to $3,000 per child ($3,600 for children under the age of 6). In […]

The 2021 temporary expansion of the child tax credit (CTC) was unprecedented in its reach, lifting 3.7 million children out of poverty as of December 2021. It provided families with up to $3,600 for every child in the household under the age of six and up to $3,000 for every child between the ages of […]

Approximately 60 million American children living in 35 million households received monthly payments from the federal government as part of the temporary Child Tax Credit (CTC) expansion. Discourse over whether or not the expanded CTC caused parents to leave the workforce emerged during the period of the expanded credit. On one side, a large number […]

A 6-part event series, Inclusive Growth in St. Louis investigated who is left out of St. Louis’ economic growth benefits, the policies that have led to the unequal distribution of opportunities, and actionable recommendations to become a more inclusive economy. This report summarizes those discussions and recommendations.

Joe, S., Clifton, M., & Carlton-Brown, D. (2021, December). HomeGrown StL 4th Annual Regional Summit on the State of Opportunities for Black Boys and Young Men: Closing the healing, growth, and opportunity gaps (CSD Conference Report No. 21-34). Washington University, Center for Social Development, Race & Opportunity Lab, HomeGrownStL. https://doi.org/10.7936/cej1-ds84

The 2021 temporary expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC) is unprecedented in its reach and is predicted to cut American child poverty by more than half. The expanded CTC provides families with $3,600 for every child in the household under the age of six and $3,000 for every child between the ages of six […]

Bufe, S., Roll, S., Kristensen, K., Zhao, D., & Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2021). Use of public benefits over the first year of pandemic: Exploring access, delays and outcomes (Social Policy Institute Research Report). Washington University, Social Policy Institute. https://doi.org/10.7936/h45c-kc86

The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in employment, child care and education. As a result, both parents and children experienced a variety of hardships in their work and education. While these hardships had reverberating effects throughout households, they were not equally distributed across families with children. In this brief, we explore the effects of COVID-19 […]

Even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. households were burdened by the cost of rental and mortgage payments, burdens which disproportionately fell on Black and Hispanic families. Using a 5-wave survey, we examined whether disparities in housing cost burden continued throughout the pandemic and trends in how households fell behind on rent and mortgage payments. […]

The temporary expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC) is projected to cut American child poverty by more than half. The CTC expansion provides families with $3,600 for every child in the household under the age of six and $3,000 for every child between the ages of six and 17. The vast majority of U.S. […]

Roll, S., Bufe, S.., Chun, Y., & Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2021). The Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 Study: Survey methodology report (Social Policy Institute Research Report). Washington University, Social Policy Institute. https://doi.org/10.7936/r4cj-5041

Muñoz-Rivera, A., Jabbari, J., Roll, S., & Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on households with children: Family hardships and policy insights (Social Policy Institute Research Report). Washington University, Social Policy Institute. https://doi.org/10.7936/1m6t-7y41

Fox-Dichter, S., Chun, Y., Roll, S., Kristensen, K., & Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2021). Housing hardships during COVID-19: Disparities increased by race/ethnicity and homeowner status (Social Policy Institute Research Report). Washington University, Social Policy Institute. https://doi.org/10.7936/52dc-wx52

The Social Policy Institute (SPI) at Washington University in St. Louis partnered with PerkUp Financial Health LLC, a financial services technology company, to study an emergency financial assistance program offered to employees of three hotels in New Orleans, LA who have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. PerkUp serves as a technology hub for a […]

To inform the Data Science for Social Impact initiative, SPI hosted a series of public roundtable discussions in partnership with the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth, data.org, and the St. Louis Regional Data Alliance in 2021. This report documents the information gathered at the first two discussions.

Johnson, L., Sherraden, M. S., McClendon, G., Birkenmaier, J., Frey, J., Callahan, C., Huang, J., & Rothwell, D. (2021). Financial Capability and Asset Building: Achievements, challenges, and next steps (CSD Conference Report No. 21-11). Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/vnr6-ys64

Huang, J., Beverly, S. G., Clancy, M. M., Schreiner, M., & Sherraden, M. (2021). A long-term experiment on Child Development Accounts: Update and impacts of SEED for Oklahoma Kids (CSD Research Report No. 21-07). Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/e8mf-p262

In this study, we examined Onward, an employer-based mobile app that enables workers to save via payroll deduction and receive financial education and coaching as a means to address financial challenges such as difficulty paying bills on time, managing debt, and accruing savings. An important feature of Onward is that employees can save automatically through […]

MedPut offers a way for employees to pay their out-of-pocket health care expenses through payroll deducted or Health Savings Account (HSA) payments capped at 5% of gross pay. Employees that use MedPut are much more likely to report having problems paying medical bills and to report putting off health care due to cost concerns. Nearly […]

In this report, we explore employee usage trends of Brightside, an employee financial health platform that is designed to improve the financial health of working families. Using this platform, employees can open “cases” to address a financial need or goal they have. Brightside connects these employees with financial assistants who, in turn, connect the employees […]

Center for Social Development. (2021). In the community: Over 25 years of inquiry, innovation, and impact (CSD Report No. 20-01). Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/2n6h-jt55

Perold, H., Mwathi Mati, J., Alum, C., Lough, B. J., (2021, February). COVID-19 and the future of volunteering for development: Findings from a study conducted for the International Forum for Volunteering in Development [Research Report]. International Forum for Volunteering in Development. https://forum-ids.org/2021/03/covid-19-and-the-future-of-volunteering-for-development-research-report/

Motley, R. O., Jr., Finner, A., Walker, M., & Joe, S. (2020, June). Accountable policing: Policies to advance the personal safety of Black boys and young men (Race and Opportunity Lab Brief Report No. 3). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development, Race and Opportunity Lab. https://doi.org/10.7936/b0kj-hn71

Sherraden, M., Clancy, M. M., Huang, J., & Beverly, S. G. (2020). Child Development Accounts in the COVID-19 crisis: Lessons from the Great Recession (CSD Research and Policy Report No. 20-11). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/c5dg-qz60

New work arrangements coordinated by gig-economy platforms offer workers discretion over their work schedules at the expense of traditional worker protections. We empirically measure the impact of expanding access to gigs on worker welfare, with a focus on low-income families. We are interested in the likelihood that a family experiences hardship, meaning they fail to […]

Employee financial wellness programs provide workplace products and services such as financial coaching and small-dollar credit products that may help employees address the various challenges that are at the root of their financial stress. This report is intended to offer guidance to grant makers to understand the role philanthropy can play in promoting the development […]

McClendon, G. G., Pitzer, K., Sherraden, M., & Aguilar, A. (with Lieberman, D.). (2019). Will I be able to cast my ballot? Race, income, and voting access on Election Day (CSD Research Report No. 19-36). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/y86s-7q32

This research was funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. We thank them for their support but acknowledge that the findings and conclusions presented in this report are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Foundation.The authors are grateful to Don Baylor at the Annie E. Casey Foundation […]

This research was funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. We thank them for their support but acknowledge that the findings and conclusions presented in this report are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Foundation.The authors are grateful to Don Baylor at the Annie E. Casey Foundation […]

Joe, S., Motley, R., Ivory, A., Finner, A., & Frederick, J. (2019). Healing policies for Black boys and young men in St. Louis: Priorities in 2019 (Race and Opportunity Lab Brief Report No. 2). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development, Race and Opportunity Lab. https://doi.org/10.7936/a3gh-8d26

Joe, S., & Motley, R. (2019, February). Social mobility: The necessary focus of St. Louis investment in Black males (Race and Opportunity Lab Brief Report No. 1). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Cen¬ter for Social Development, Race and Opportunity Lab. https://doi.org/10.7936/s7h3-ct03

Davison, G., Frank-Miller, E., Roll, S. P., & Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2018). Promoting savings at tax time: Insights from online and in-person tax preparation services (CSD Research Report No. 18-33). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/pnr2-vf30

UN Volunteers [United Nations Volunteers Programme]. (2018). The thread that binds: Volunteerism and community resilience (2018 State of the World’s Volunteerism Report). Retrieved from https://www.unv.org/sites/default/files/2018%20The%20thread%20that%20binds%20final.pdf

Grandi, F., Lough, B. J., & Bannister, T. (2018). Global trends in volunteering infrastructure [Report]. Bonn, Germany: United Nations Volunteers.

Roll, S. P., Davison, G., Grinstein-Weiss, M., Despard, M. R., & Bufe, S. (2018). Refund to Savings 2015–2016: Field experiments to promote tax-time saving in low- and moderate-income households (CSD Research Report No. 18-28). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K72J6BD5

Sherraden, M. S., Huang, J., Johnson, L., Dore, P. Birkenmaier, J., Loke, V., & Hageman, S. (2018). Faculty perspectives on financial capability and asset building in social work education: A research report (CSD Research Report No. 18-14). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K7RV0N7P

Curley, J., & Robertson, A. S. (2017). Annual report on the Head Start Family Financial Capability Program: 2015–2016 (CSD Research Report No. 17-32). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K7416WMX

Clancy, M. M., & Beverly, S. G. (2017). Statewide Child Development Account policies: Key design elements (CSD Policy Report No. 17-30). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K7G44PS2

Frank-Miller, E., Covington, M., Despard, M. R., Hannon, G., & Grinstein-Weiss, M. (2017). Employee Financial Wellness Programs project: Comprehensive report of findings (CSD Research Report No. 17-31). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K7S46RFZ

Roll, S. P., Oliphant, J. E., Perantie, D. C., Grinstein-Weiss, M., & Davison, G. (2017). Assessing retirement needs and interest in myRA: Findings from the Refund to Savings Initiative (CSD Research Report No. 17-16). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K74749DH

Reynolds, N. P., Hartman, E., Lough, B. J., & Toms, C. (2017). Assessing global learning: Global Engagement Survey [Report]. Haverford, PA: Haverford College, Center for Peace and Global Citizenship, GLOBALSL.

Pettus-Davis, C., Epperson, M., & Grier, A. (2017, February). Guideposts for the era of smart decarceration [Report]. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University College of Social Work, Institute for Justice Research and Development, Washington University Center for Social Development, and University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration.

Lough, B. J. (2016). Global partners for sustainable development: The added value of Singapore International Foundation volunteers [Report]. Singapore: Singapore International Foundation.

The Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 requires the IRS to delay tax refunds for taxpayers who claim an earned income tax credit or additional child tax credit on their returns until at least February 15. The delay could help the IRS better check claims for these credits. But this new requirement will […]

Robertson, A. S., & Curley, J. (2016). Annual report on the ASSET Project’s Head Start Family Financial Capability Pilot: 2014–2015 (CSD Research Report No. 16-04). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G., Masa, R., Osei-Akoto, I., Ansong, D., Despard, M. R., Afranie, S., … Sherraden, M. (2015). Impacts of financial inclusion on youth development: Findings from the Ghana YouthSave experiment (CSD Research Report No. 15-35). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Johnson, L., Lee, Y., Ansong, D., Chowa, G., Osei-Akoto, I., & Sherraden, M. (2015). Youth savings patterns and performance in Ghana: A supplementary report (YouthSave Research Report No. 15-27). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Bologna, J., Kantor, N., Liu, Y., & Taylor, S. (2015). The right to stay put: City Garden Montessori School and neighborhood change [Report]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University.

Curley, J., & Robertson, A. S. (2014). Head Start family financial capability: 2013–2014 annual report of the ASSET Project (CSD Research Report No. 14-27). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Barton, S., McBride, A. M., & Purtell, J. D. (2015). Community partner perspectives of DukeEngage: 2011–2013 (CSD Research Report No. 15-12). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Perantie, D. C., Russell, B. D., Comer, K., Taylor, S. H., Luo, L., Key, C., & Ariely, D. (2015). Refund to Savings 2013: Comprehensive report on a large-scale tax-time saving program (CSD Research Report No. 15-06). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Johnson, L., Lee, Y., Ansong, D., Sherraden, M. S., Chowa, A. N., Ssewamala, F., … Saavedra, J. (2015). Youth savings patterns and performance in Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, and Nepal (YouthSave Research Report No. 15-01). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Center for Social Development. (2015). Inquiry, innovation, and impact: Report to the Community, 2015 (CSD Report No. 15-86). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Ansong, D., Masa, R., Wu, S., Ramos, Y., & Kimathi, M. B. (2014). Baseline survey of the third cohort: A supplemental report from the YouthSave Ghana Experiment (YouthSave Research Report No. 14-26). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

McBride, A. M., Robertson, A., & Chung, S. (2014). Assessing the impacts of service learning on middle school students: Wyman’s Teen Outreach Program® (CSD Research Report No. 14-09). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Clancy, M., & Sherraden, M. (2014). Automatic deposits for all at birth: Maine’s Harold Alfond College Challenge (CSD Policy Report No. 14-05). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K7X63MGJ

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Comer, K., Russell, B., Key, C., Perantie, D. C., & Ariely, D. (2014). Refund to Savings: 2013 evidence of tax-time saving in a national randomized control trial (CSD Research Report No. 14-03). St. Louis: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Johnson, L., Lee, Y. S., Sherraden, M., Chowa, G. A. N., Ansong, D., Ssewamala, F., … Saavedra, J. (2013). Savings patterns and performance in Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, and Nepal (YouthSave Research Report No. 13-18). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Holub, K., Grinstein-Weiss, M., Key, C., & Ariely, D. (2013). Refund to Savings (R2S): Insight from the field, 2012 (CSD Research Report No. 13-11). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Child and Youth Finance International. (2013). Children and youth as economic citizens: Review of research on financial capability, financial inclusion, and financial education (Research Working Group Report). Amsterdam: Author.

Sherraden, M. S., & Ansong, D. (2013). Conceptual development of the CYFI Model of Children and Youth as Economic Citizens (CSD Research Report No. 13-03). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Sherraden, M. S., & Ansong, D. (2013). Research evidence on the CYFI Model of Children and Youth as Economic Citizens (CSD Research Report No. 13-04). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Chowa, G. A. N., Ansong, D., Masa, R., Despard, M. R., Osei-Akoto, I., Richmond, A.-A., Agyei-Holmes, A., & Sherraden, M. (2012). Youth and saving in Ghana: A baseline report from the YouthSave Ghana Experiment (CSD Research Report No. 12-56). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III, Beverly, S. G., Black, R., & Shapiro, T. M. (2012). Linking savings and educational outcomes: Charting a course for scholarship and policy [Assets and Education Research Symposium Report]. St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Gray, K., Clancy, M., Sherraden, M. S., Wagner, K., & Miller-Cribbs, J. E. (2012). Interviews with mothers of young children in the SEED for Oklahoma Kids college savings experiment (CSD Research Report No. 12-53). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K779445X

Grinstein-Weiss, M., Sherraden, M., Rohe, W. M., Gale, W., Schreiner, M., & Key, C. (2012). Long-term follow-up of Individual Development Accounts: Evidence from the ADD experiment (CSD Report 12-43). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Kim, Y., Lee, S., & Sherraden, M. (2012). Seoul Hope Plus Savings Accounts: Asset-building program for low-income households in Seoul (Third-year collaborative research report) (CSD Report No. 12-32). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Bass, J. (2012). Closing the wealth gap: Building family & community economic success (Southern Regional Asset Building Coalition Report). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III. (2012). Ideas for refining children’s savings account proposals (Creating a Financial Stake in College, Report No. IV). Washington, DC: New America Foundation and Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III. (2012). We save, we go to college (Creating a Financial Stake in College, Report No. III). Washington, DC: New America Foundation and Washington University, Center for Social Development

Elliott, W., III. (2012). Does structural inequality begin with a bank account? (Creating a Financial Stake in College, Report No. II). Washington, DC: New America Foundation and Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Elliott, W., III. (2012). Why policy makers should care about children’s savings (Creating a Financial Stake in College, Report No. I). Washington, DC: New America Foundation and Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Center for Social Development. (2011). Productive Aging conference report (CSD Report No. 11-32). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Kim, Y., Lee, S., & Kim, M. (2011). Seoul Hope Plus Savings Accounts: Asset-building program for low-income households in Seoul (Second-year collaborative research report) (CSD Report No. 11-20). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

McBride, A. M., & Mlyn, E. (2011). International service and higher education: Toward a vision for the field (CSD Report No. 11-19). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Wider Opportunities for Women & Center for Social Development. (2010). The Basic Economic Security Tables for the United States [Report]. Washington, DC: Author. https://doi.org/10.7936/K71G0KT5

Loke, V. (2011). Financial capabilities of service providers: Results of an online survey of the asset-building field in Washington State (CSD Research Report No. 11-03). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Center for Social Development. (2011). Inquiry, innovation, & impact: Report to the Community. St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Sanders, C. (2010). Savings outcomes of an IDA program for survivors of domestic violence (CSD Research Report No. 10-42). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Zager, R., Kim, Y., Nam, Y., Clancy, M., & Sherraden, M. (2010). The SEED for Oklahoma Kids Experiment: Initial account opening and savings (CSD Research Report No. 10-14). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Sherraden, M., & Stevens, J. (Eds.). (2010). Lessons from SEED: A national demonstration of Child Development Accounts (CSD Research Report No. 10-35). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Deshpande, R., & Zimmerman, J. (Eds.) (2010). Youth savings in developing countries: Trends in practice, gaps in knowledge [Report]. Washington, DC: YouthSave Consortium.

Kim, M., Nam, Y., Kim, Y., Kwon, J., Chung, S., Hong, H.,  & Lee, E. (2010). Seoul Hope Plus savings accounts: Asset-building program for low-income households in Seoul (CSD Research Report No. 10-20). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Sherraden, M. S. (2010). Financial capability: What is it, and how can it be created? (CSD Working Paper No. 10-17). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Masa, R., Sherraden, M. S., Zou, L., Ssewamala, F., Johnson, L., Ansong, D., Chowa, G., & Sherraden, M. (2010). Youth savings around the world: Youth characteristics, savings performance, and potential effects (CSD Research Report No. 10-15). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Gunn, G., Heffern, J., & Edwards, K. (2010). Asset building in the South: Organizations and services (CSD Report No. 10-10). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Lassar, T., Clancy, M., & McClure, S. (2010). Toward more inclusive College Savings Plans: Sample state legislation (CSD Policy Report No. 10-02). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Zou, L., & Sherraden, M. (2009). Mei guo de zi chan jian she: Zheng ce chuang xin yu ke xue yan jiu [Asset building in the US: Policy innovation and scientific research] (CSD Research Report No. 09-68). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Loke, V., Clancy, M., & Zager, R. (2009). Account monitoring research at Michigan SEED (CSD Research Report No. 09-62). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Bhatta, C. D. (2009). The rise and fall of national service in Nepal: A critical study of service and citizenship building in Nepal (CSD Research Report No. 09-30). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Gonzales, E., & Morrow-Howell, N. (2009). Evaluation report of Vital Visionaries: Medical student and older adult outcomes (CSD Research Report No. 09-24). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Lough, B. J., McBride, A. M., & Sherraden, M. S. (2009). Perceived effects of international volunteering: Reports from alumni (CSD Research Report No. 09-10). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development. https://doi.org/10.7936/K7B27TSX

Morrow-Howell, N., Jonson-Reid, M., McCrary, S., Lee, Y., & Spitznagel, E. (2009). Evaluation of Experience Corps: Student reading outcomes (CSD Research Report No. 09-01). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

Mason, L. R., Nam, Y., Clancy, M., Loke, V., & Kim, Y. (2009). SEED account monitoring research: Participants, savings, and accumulation (CSD Research Report No. 09-05). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.